Research Article

Acoustic simulation and parameter optimization of landscape space terrain oriented towards noise reduction

¹ College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning, PR China
² Institute of Interdisciplinary Technology, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning, PR China
³ Hillsborough Community College, Tampa 33614, Florida, USA

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Received: 16 April 2026
Accepted: 23 May 2026

Abstract

Urban traffic noise significantly affects the acoustic comfort of landscape spaces, and the scattering interactions between sound waves and complex terrain are difficult to quantify precisely. In response, this study proposes a method oriented toward noise reduction for the optimization of acoustic simulation parameters in landscape spaces. A three-dimensional terrain sound field model is established adopting the multi-domain coupled boundary element approach to accurately solve the Helmholtz equation under complex terrain conditions. The terrain's impedance coefficient is extracted as a key parameter, and a high-precision Kriging response surface surrogate model is constructed using Latin hypercubic sampling to replace time-consuming physical acoustical calculations. By combining a multi-objective particle swarm optimization approach, the terrain elevation parameters are globally optimized under constraints that balance earthwork volume and visual permeability. The natural impedance characteristics of the terrain are utilized to achieve diffuse reflection and absorption of sound waves in space, thereby blocking noise propagation pathways at the source in the physical environment. Experimental outcome indicates that the suggested approach gains an average noise reduction of 4.53 dB while keeping earthwork volume within 195 m³, maintaining a visual permeability of 0.58, and achieving a comprehensive satisfaction score of 0.91, thereby exhibiting high practical value.