Investigation on road underground defect classification and localization based on ground penetrating radar and Swin transformerJinke An, Li Yang, Zhongyu Hao, Gongfa Chen and Longjian LiInt. J. Simul. Multidisci. Des. Optim., 15 (2024) 7DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2023023