Table 1
Comparison of LPPF with existing end-to-end systems.
| Feature | LPPF (proposed) | Depth-to-Costmap RL | World-model planners | Learning-based local planners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latency-aware gradient gating | Yes | No | No | No |
| Depth-confidence dynamic cost coupling | Yes | Partial | No | No |
| Layer-wise quantization strategy | Yes | No | No | No |
| Real-time constraint (≤50 ms) | Yes | Variable | Variable | Variable |
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