Table 1
Analysis of the studies integrating machine learning and virtual reality (VR) in landscape design.
| Source | Model | Improvements | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lin et al. [28] | VR-ML-BIM clash detection | Reduced design clashes up to 16% | Small project sample |
| Ha et al. [29] | Immersive design learning VR | Enhanced spatial realism | Limited group |
| Tan et al. [30] | YOLO-v3 on VR images | High detection precision of 97% | Focused only on turbine objects |
| Shan et al. [31] | Oculus-3D image processing VR | Cost-efficient immersive visualization | Simplified case example |
| Vijayakumar et al. [32] | Comparative XR-ML review | Review | Review |
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