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Table 1

Model parameters.

Parameters Meaning
c Total cost of agricultural product distribution
c1 The transportation cost
c2 The cost of goods damage
xijk The k th vehicle transports from node i to node j, yes = 1, no = 0
ca11 The fixed cost of cold chain vehicles
ca12 Cold chain vehicle transportation cost per distance
dij Distance from node i to node j
d0i Vehicles going from the distribution center to the distribution node
dj0 Vehicles return to the distribution center from any node
ω Produce freshness
ε Perishability of agricultural products
tj (transport time + loading and unloading time) j
Vk The maximum loading capacity of the k th vehicle
Qa Daily demand of agricultural products

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